• Students in grade eight study the ideas, issues, and events from the framing of the Constitution to Reconstruction following the Civil War.
    • After reviewing the development of America’s democratic institutions founded on the Judeo- Christian heritage and English parliamentary traditions, particularly the shaping of the Constitution, students trace the development of American politics, society, culture, and economy and relate them to the emergence of major regional differences. 
    • They learn about the challenges facing the new nation, with an emphasis on the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. They make connections between the rise of industrialization and contemporary social and economic conditions.